Whooping Crane Now on Exhibit
July 2011
After an 88-year-long hiatus North America’s tallest bird, the statuesque whooping crane, is once again on exhibit at the National Zoo's Bird House. An 11-year-old male whooping crane named Rocky left Homosassa Springs State Park in Florida and is now on exhibit in the nation’s capital. Whooping cranes are one of only two crane species native to the United States. Only eight other U.S. zoos exhibit these birds.
“It is an honor for the National Zoo to once again exhibit this magnificent species,” said Dennis Kelly, director of the Smithsonian’s National Zoological Park. “Although most people have heard of whooping cranes, very few have had the privilege of seeing one in person. We are thrilled to have Rocky here as an ambassador for his species.”
Rocky is only the fourth whooping crane to call the National Zoo home. The Zoo’s first crane, a wild-caught bird of unknown sex, arrived in 1897. Its last, a female, died in 1923.
By 1938, hunting and agricultural expansion had decimated wild whooping crane populations to an estimated 21 individuals. Zoos, research centers, and nature preserves acted quickly to curtail the threat of extinction. Working together, they carefully matched individual birds that did not have mates in order to stabilize populations and achieve the greatest genetic diversity possible—a considerable challenge, given the population bottleneck.
Today, U.S. whooping crane populations are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. According to a 2010 census, 407 whooping cranes reside in breeding centers and protected nature reserves in the eastern and midwestern United States and Canada, while another 167 individuals are in human care. This population increase is an encouraging sign that the species will thrive.
“Their remarkable population recovery and subsequent reintroduction is one of the greatest conservation stories in North America,” said Ed Bronikowski, senior curator at the National Zoo. “Thanks to the continuing efforts of many, this species is not going extinct anytime soon.”
Despite this progress, whooping cranes are still considered endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. In breeding centers and zoos, whooping cranes can live upwards of 40 years old. In protected nature reserves, a whooping crane’s lifespan is about 30 years. Collisions with fences and power lines, illegal hunting, predators, disease, and polluted waterways threaten these cranes.
Visitors can see Rocky in the “Crane Run” exhibit outside of the Bird House. He is five feet tall and has a plume of white feathers, save for a patch of red and black feathers between his beak and the nape of his neck. He also has a seven-foot wingspan—whooping cranes can propel themselves 45 miles per hour during flight. Rocky will serve as an educational ambassador for his species. However, there is one trait visitors will not see Rocky perform: the loud “whoop” call for which these birds are named.
“We don’t know why Rocky is mute,” says Sara Hallager, biologist at the Zoo’s Bird House. “The reason behind his silence is a mystery known only to him.”
The Zoo currently has no plans to breed Rocky, but his genes will not go to waste. He will participate in a study by the Zoo’s Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute that determines the impact of genetic diversity on whooping crane sperm quality and fertility rate in captivity.
