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Shade Grown Cacao Bird Distribution

Overview
Abundance
Bird List
Workshop

184 different kinds of birds were found in cacao plantations with 90 exclusively found there while 144 were found in tropical forest remnants, 50 exclusively. 234 different kinds of birds were found in all habitats.

Table comparing bird distribution in cacao plantations and tropical forests in Panama
Bird Scientific Name  Cacao   Forest 

Notes:

  • An 'x' in the cacao or forest column indicates that the bird was observed in that habitat.
  • Bird surveys were conducted during the winter of 2003/2004 and the summer of 2004.
 Great Tinamou Tinamus major x
 Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui x x
 Great Egret Casmerodius albus x
 Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea x
 Cattle Egret Bulbulcus ibis x
 Ruffescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum x
 Green-backed Heron Butorides striatus x
 Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Nyctanassa violasea x
 King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa x x
 Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura x
 Black Vulture Coragyps atratus x x
 Gray-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis x
 Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus x
 White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus x
 Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus x x
 Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea x
 Semiplumbeous Hawk Leucopternis semiplumbea x
 White Hawk Leucopternis albicollis x
 Common Black-Hawk Buteogallus anthracinus x
 Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris x
 Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus x
 Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus x
 Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus x
 Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans x x
 Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis x
 Gray-headed Chachalaca Ortalis cenereiceps x x
 Black-eared Wood-Quail Odontophorus melanotis x
 White-throated Crake Laterallus albiguratis x
 Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea x
 Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica x
 Northern Jacana Jacana spinosa x
 Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia x
 Pale-vented Pigeon Columba cayennensis x x
 Scaled Pigeon Pataegioenas speciosa x x
 Red-billed Pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris x x
 Short-billed Pigeon Patagioenas nigrirostris x x
 Common Ground-Dove Columbina passerina x
 Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti x
 Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa x
 Gray-chested Dove Leptotila cassini x x
 Olive-backed Quail-Dove Geotrygon veraguensis x
 Crimson-fronted Parakeet Aratinga finschi x
 Olive-throated Parakeet Aratinga nana x x
 Brown-hooded Parrot Pionopsitta haematotis x x
 Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus x x
 White-crowned Parrot Pionus senilis x
 Red-lored Parrot Amazona autumnalis x
 Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa x x
 Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus x
 Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana x x
 Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia x
 Groove-billed Ani Crotophagus sulcirostris x
 Black-and-white Owl Ciccaba nigrolineata x
 Common Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis x
 Great Potoo Nyctibius grandis x
 White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris x
 Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris x
 Bronzy Hermit Glaucis aenea x x
 Band-tailed Barbthroat Threnetes ruckeri x x
 Green Hermit Phaethornis guy x
 Long-tailed Hermit Phaethornis superciliosus x x
 Little Hermit Phaethornis longuemareus x x
 White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora x x
 Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax prevostii x
 Black-crested Coquette Lophornis helenae x
 Violet-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica x
 Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis x x
 Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl x
 Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer Chalybura urochrysia x x
 Purple-throated Mountain-gem Lampornis calolaema x
 Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti x
 Long-billed Starthroat Heliomaster longirostris x
 Violaceous Trogon Trogon violaceus x x
 Black-throated Trogon Trogon rufus x
 Slaty-tailed Trogon Trogon massena x x
 Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii x
 Broad-billed Motmot Electron platyrhynchum x
 Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona x
 American Pygmy Kingfisher Chloroceryle aenea x
 White-necked Puffbird Notharchus macrorhynchos x x
 Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus x x
 White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis x
 Emerald Toucanet Aulacorhynchus prasinus x
 Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus x x
 Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus x x
 Chestnut-mandibled Toucan Ramphastos swainsonii x
 Black-cheeked Woodpecker Melanerpes pucherani x x
 Rufous-winged Woodpecker Piculus simplex x
 Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus x x
 Chesnut-colored Woodpecker Celeus castaneus x
 Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus x x
 Pale-billed Woodpecker Campephilus guatemalensis x x
 Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura x
 Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner Automolus ochrolaemus x x
 Plain Xenops Xenops minutus x x
 Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa x
 Ruddy Woodcreeper Dendrocincla homochroa x
 Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorhyncus spirurus x x
 Northern-Barred Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae x x
 Cocoa Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurrans x x
 Black-striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus x
 Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii x x
 Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus x
 Great Antshrike Taraba major x
 Western Slaty Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha x
 Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis x
 Spot-crowned Antvireo Dysithamnus puncticeps x
 Checker-throated Antwren Myrmotherula fulviventris x
 White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris x
 Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis x
 Dusky Antbird Cercomacra tyrannina x x
 Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul x x
 Dull-mantled Antbird Myrmeciza laemosticta x
 Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys leucaspis x
 Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis x
 Black-headed Antthrush Formicarius nigricapillus x
 Streak-chested Antpitta Hylopezus perspicillatus x
 Thicket Antpitta Hylopezus dives x
 Yellow-bellied Tyrannulet Ornithion semiflavum x
 Brown-capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillum x x
 Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola x
 Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii x
 Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster x
 Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus x x
 Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris x
 Paltry Tyrannulet Zimmerius vilissimus x x
 Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis atricapillus x x
 Northern Bentbill Oncostoma cinereigulare x x
 Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum x x
 Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps x x
 Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens x
 Yellow-margined Flycatcher Tolmomyias assimilis x x
 Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus virens x
 Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus x x
 Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax flaviventris x x
 Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus x
 Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus x x
 Rufous Mourner Rhytipterna holerythra x
 Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer x x
 Great-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus x
 Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus x x
 Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarhynchus pitangua x x
 Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis x x
 Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis x
 Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius x
 Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus x
 Rufous Piha Lipaugus unirufus x
 Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus x
 White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus x
 Masked Tityra Tityra semifasciata x x
 Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor x x
 Snowy Cotinga Carpodectes nitidus x
 Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata x
 White-collared Manakin Manacus candei x x
 Golden-collared Manakin Manacus vitellinus x x
 White-ruffed Manakin Corapipo altera x
 Blue-crowned Manakin Pipra coronata x
 Red-capped Manakin Pipra mentalis x
 Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons x
 Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus x
 Lesser Greenlet Hylophilus decurtatus x x
 Tawny-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps x
 Green Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius pulchellus x
 Black-chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis x x
 Brown Jay Psilorhinus morio x x
 Band-backed Wren Campylorhynchus zonatus x x
 Bay Wren Thryothorus nigricapillus x x
 Plain Wren Thryothorus modestus x
 White-breasted Wood-Wren Henicorhina leucosticta x x
 House Wren Troglodytes aedon x
 Scaly-breasted Wren Microcerculus marginatus luscinia x
 Song Wren Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus x
 Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus x x
 Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea x x
 Black-headed Nightingale Thrush Catharus mexicanus x
 Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina x
 Clay-colored Robin Turdus grayi x x
 Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora cyanoptera x
 Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera x
 Tennessee Warbler Oreothlypis peregrina x x
 Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia x
 Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia x
 Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica x x
 Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea x
 Black-and-White Warbler Mniotilta varia x x
 American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla x
 Prothonotary Warbler Protonotaria citrea x
 Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis x
 Kentucky Warbler Oporornis formosus x
 Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia x
 Olive-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis semiflava x
 Buff-rumped Warbler Phaeothlypis fulvicauda x
 Bananaquit Coereba flaveola x
 Dusky-faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii x
 Olive Tanager Chlorothraupis carmioli x
 White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus x x
 White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus x
 Red-throated Ant-Tanager Habia fuscicauda x x
 Summer Tanager Piranga rubra x x
 Crimson-collared Tanager Ramphocelus sanguinolentus x
 Passerini's (Scarlet-rumped) Tanager Ramphocelus passerinii x x
 Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus x x
 Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum x x
 Yellow-crowned Euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla x x
 Olive-backed Euphonia Euphonia gouldi x x
 White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta x
 Emerald Tanager Tangara florida x
 Plain-colored Tanager Tangara inornata x x
 Golden-hooded Tanager Tangara larvata x x
 Scarlet-thighed Dacnis Dacnis venusta x x
 Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana x x
 Shining Honeycreeper Cyanerpes lucidus x
 Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus x
 Golden-Browed Chlorophonia Chlorophonia callophrys x
 Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina x
 Variable Seedeater Sporophila americana x
 White-collared Seedeater Sporophila torqueola x
 Thick-billed Seed-Finch Oryzoborus funereus x
 Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris x x
 Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris x
 Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus x x
 Black-headed Saltator Saltator atriceps x
 Slate-colored Grosbeak Pitylus grossus x x
 Black-faced Grosbeak Caryothraustes poliogaster x x
 Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus x
 Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides x x
 Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus x
 Black-cowled Oriole Icterus dominicensis x x
 Yellow-tailed Oriole Icterus mesomelas x
 Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula x x
 Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus x
 Scarlet-rumped Cacique Cacicus uropygialis x x
 Chestnut-headed Oropendula Psarocolius wagleri x x
 Montezuma Oropendula Psarocolius montezuma x x

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