Conservation biologist Mel Singer in the field in China.

Picture a Conservation Biologist


Women in Conservation at NZCBI

Conservation biology is the science of protecting Earth’s incredible biodiversity, from the tiniest insects to the largest mammals. At the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (NZCBI), scientists are applying research and innovative tools to safeguard species across the globe.

Women have been at the forefront of this work for decades, shaping breakthroughs in research, fieldwork, and conservation strategies. Since 1972, they have played a vital role in advancing science and inspiring the next generation of conservationists.

Picture a Conservation Biologist brings these stories to life. Explore the videos below to meet the women driving discovery and innovation at NZCBI, and see how their curiosity, determination, and expertise help protect the world’s wildlife.

Resources

Meet Katherine Ralls — Conservation Biology Trailblazer

Ralls’ passion for mammals began in high school and — guided by a mentor — she pursued a groundbreaking career in science at a time when not everyone believed higher education was a worthwhile path for women. From studying zoo ungulates and California sea otters to advising on animal genetics and population health, she helped shape conservation biology as a formal field. In this video, hear her story, learn how she overcame challenges, and discover her advice for the next generation of scientists.

Meet the Panda Lady: Lisa Stevens

From starting as an animal keeper in 1978 to pioneering natural breeding for giant pandas and designing exhibits that showcase animal cognition, Lisa Stevens shaped the way we care for and study wildlife at the Smithsonian’s National Zoo. In this video, she shares her journey, the challenges she overcame as a Black woman in science, and the lessons she has for future conservationists — highlighting the power of curiosity, hands-on learning, and persistence.

Sally Bornbusch — Unlocking the World of Microbiomes

What if protecting animals starts with understanding the microscopic worlds inside them? From giant pandas to salamanders, Sally Bornbusch's research is helping scientists improve care, nutrition, and conservation strategies in entirely new ways. As part of a new generation of women advancing conservation biology, she also reflects on the mentors and experiences that shaped her path. In this video, discover how the cutting-edge science of the microbiome — and the people behind it — is transforming what we know about wildlife.

Melissa Songer — Mapping the Future of Conservation

As a leader in conservation science at NZCBI, Melissa Songer uses tools like GIS mapping and satellite tracking to understand how animals move through their environments—and how we can better protect them. From giant pandas to elephants and reintroduced species, her work connects science, technology, and communities to support wildlife around the world. In this video, she shares how conservation has evolved—and why speaking up and thinking boldly matters in science.

Jump back in time to understand how women have shaped conservation biology.



Meet Our Conservationists Past and Present

Lisa Stevens

Lisa Stevens was the curator for Giant Pandas and Great Apes. She helped design the Think Tank exhibit which won an AZA Exhibit Award in 1996.

Devra Kleiman

Devra Kleiman was the first woman to be hired as a scientist at NZCBI. She began working in 1972, the same year as the arrival of the Zoo's first pair of giant pandas.

Mary Hagedorn

Dr. Mary Hagedorn created the first ever coral biorepository! There, she stores cryopreserved coral specimens to act as a backup for failing coral reefs. She is even working on a Smithsonian wide project to create a biorepository on the Moon.

Katherine Ralls

Katherine Ralls was a mammalogist who officially started working at the Zoo in 1976. In California, she worked on a project to detect kit fox scat using a trained dog.

Jennifer Mickelberg

Did you know that there is a way to calculate what a species needs to thrive in the wild? Jennifer Mickelberg calculated that a sustainable golden lion tamarin population would be 2,500 individuals in 4,800 hectares of connected and protected land.

Dr. JoGayle Howard

Dr. JoGayle Howard was one of the most influential scientists of her time. She oversaw the birth of hundreds of endangered species babies and modernized artificial insemination techniques.

Lauren Augustine

Did you know crocodiles play? Former reptile keeper Lauren Augustine reported one of the first ever occurrences of observed play behavior by Cuban crocodiles.

Jilian Marie Fazio

Jilian Marie Fazio was a former zookeeper on Asia Trail who went on to become the Species Survival Plan Coordinator and studbook keeper for clouded leopards.

Janine Brown

Janine Brown worked with Asian elephants at NZCBI for years, discovering a specific hormone increase that helps facilitate breeding.

Melanie Bond

Melanie Bond was one of the first female keepers at NZCBI. Working with orangutans, she spent time teaching them sign language in an effort to build communication.

Maria Inês Castro

Maria Inês Castro originally studied maned wolves under Dr. James Dietz. In the mid-1980s she became a part of the first attempt to reintroduce golden lion tamarins to the wild.

Sara Hallager

Sara Hallager has worked at NZCBI since 1987. As an expert in bird husbandry and the current curator for the bird house, she has worked on several conservation and reproduction projects for species such as the kori bustard and flamingo.

Fernanda Abra

Fernanda Abra runs the Reconnecta program. Working with indigenous communities in Brazil, she builds canopy bridges over busy roads to help arboreal animals cross safely.

Xuehua Liu

Xuehua Liu worked as a research affiliate with NZCBI for many years. Studying panda movements, she has worked to restore bamboo forests in China.

Lou Ann Dietz

One of the founding members of Kleiman's initiative to rewild golden lion tamarins, Lou Ann Dietz ran the community engagement program. She held contests for local school children, inspiring them to learn about golden lion tamarins.

Mary Allen

Mary Allen worked for NZCBI from 1986-2002. As a nutritionist and commissary manager, she was responsible for managing animal diets, but she also did a lot of research. Most of her papers were about reptiles!

Becky Raboy

Becky Raboy was a fellow at NZCBI, studying tropical forest fragmentation. In 2005, she gave a lecture about how tropical forests can provide homes to tamarins while providing shade for some crops.

Marty Fujita

Marty Fujita was NZCBI's International Conservation Officer, stationed in Indonesia. She researched bats!

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This project received Federal support from the Smithsonian American Women’s History Initiative Pool, administered by the Smithsonian American Women’s History Museum.