Photo of a male Kirtland's warbler perched in a pine tree. The warbler is a small yellow bird with gray markings on its face and back.

Saving Migratory Birds

Every year, billions of birds take extraordinary journeys across the Americas—but their numbers are declining at an alarming rate. Since 1970, the U.S. and Canada have lost almost 3 billion birds—a 29% decline that signals a widespread ecological crisis.

At the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, scientists at the Migratory Bird Center are uncovering the causes of these declines and working with partners around the world to protect birds, habitats, and the people who depend on them.

Studying Birds on Their Annual Journeys

A tiny tracking tag next to a penny.

From small songbirds to soaring seabirds, we use advanced tracking technology to map the routes, stopover sites, and survival strategies of migratory birds.

A research technician applying a tracking tag to a small bird.

By studying birds throughout the entire year, we identify which seasons and habitats are most critical for their reproduction and survival.

A bird flying free from a hand.

With this data, we have a better understanding of how birds know when to migrate and which cues trigger their incredible journeys.

Promoting Bird-Friendly Farming Practices

Red and green coffee beans growing on a coffee plant.

The Smithsonian’s Bird Friendly® certification protects forests and shade-grown farms that birds depend on in coffee- and cocoa-growing regions.

Coffee harvesters tending to beans on a coffee plantation

Our research and extension program helps farmers make better choices that benefit both biodiversity and local livelihoods.

The bird friendly logo on a illustrated background of a coffee farm.

Coffee and chocolate lovers can protect bird habitats and support sustainable farmers by choosing Bird Friendly® certified products.

Safeguarding At-Risk Birds in America's Grasslands

An American bison with thick, dark fur, a sturdy body, a large head and two short, curved horns stands in tall grasses on the American Prairie Reserve in Montana

Grasslands are the most endangered ecosystems on Earth. Our team studies how keystone species like bison and prairie dogs shape the habitats for rare and declining birds.

A field technician works next to a small stream in an open grassland under a bright blue sky.

We work with ranchers, farmers, and land managers to balance food production with healthy ecosystems, ensuring people and wildlife thrive together.

A technician releasing a newly-tagged curlew in a field.

Our research guides practical conservation solutions that allow farmers and ranchers to succeed while sustaining biodiversity in the grasslands where they work.

Bringing Birds to the Classroom

A class of smiling elementary school children

Through Bridging the Americas/Unidos por las Aves, we connect elementary school classrooms in the United States and Latin America to nature and other cultures.

Painted bird art on paper plates.

We provide teachers with tools and resources for integrating bird conservation into lessons on science, art, geography, and cultural studies.

A smiling boy looking through binoculars

Students in the United States and Latin America learn how migratory birds connect their communities—and how they can work together to protect them.

Applying the Latest Science to Conservation Action

Warbler with black and blue coloring feeds an insect to its chirping babies

Migratory birds are nesting earlier in spring and returning to the tropics later in autumn. Our research helps agencies and partners understand how birds will respond to rapid environmental change.

Scientist releasing a bird over a lake

We collate and analyze tracking data contributed from science partners around the world to directly inform on-the-ground management.

A small, gray and yellow-colored songbird perches on the branch of a coniferous tree.

Our scientists partner with the agencies charged with managing and protecting wildlife improve the conservation of migratory birds and their habitats.

Inspiring the Public to Protect Birds

Two Zoo guests in the Bird House's coffee farm aviary

At our Bird House exhibit, we invite millions of visitors each year to experience the wonders of migration and discover Smithsonian science in action.

Loggerhead shrike perched on a branch

At our conservation campus in Front Royal, Virginia, we are advancing breeding programs for threatened and endangered avian species such as the whooping crane, sihek, and loggerhead shrike.

Staff treating windows with prominent dot stickers

Through exhibits, programs, and outreach, we empower everyone to take simple steps—like choosing Bird Friendly® coffee or making windows safer to avoid fatal collisions—that make a big difference for birds.

From our Zoo in Washington, D.C. to China’s mountain forests, our research centers combine science, education, and conservation to protect giant pandas — and many other endangered species.

Meet Our Scientists

Scott Sillett

Scott Sillett is a research wildlife biologist and head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. He investigates the ecology and behavior of both migratory and resident bird species. 

Autumn-Lynn Harrison

Autumn-Lynn studies the ecology and conservation of ocean and coastal migratory species, and manages multiple collaborative research programs.

Ruth Bennett

Ruth Bennett is the director of the Smithsonian Bird Friendly® program, which works to conserve birds and biodiversity in coffee and cocoa farming landscapes through research, certification, and farmer extension.


 

Amy Scarpignato

Amy Scarpignato leverages tracking technology and collaborative partnerships to reveal the movements of migratory birds throughout the year and identify where and when they face risks.

Scott Yanco

Scott Yanco studies how changing environments cause bird and other wildlife populations to decline across the globe by tracking movements and behaviors of individual animals.

Nathan Cooper

Nathan studies how birds interact with each other and their environments throughout the annual cycle.


 

Black-throated blue warbler image courtesy of Nick Rodenhouse.