White-throated sparrow

Yellow lores (the area between the eye and beak) and white throats mark them as distinct from other sparrows. Beyond those markings, there are two distinct forms of white-throated sparrows. One form, the tan-striped, has a dark brown crown with a tan central stripe, while the other form black and white stripes.

White-throated sparrows measure 6 to 7.5 inches (15 to 19 cm) long.

During the summer breeding season, white-throated sparrows live in forests, either evergreen or deciduous. In winter, they prefer the edges of woodlots, thickets, fields, suburbs, backyards and parks.

White-throated sparrows spend their summers from New England into Canada. Most overwinter in the eastern United States

The white-throated sparrow’s song is typically written as “O-oh sweet Canada, Canada, Canada”.

 In 2020, bird scientists discovered that a new form of white-throated sparrow song had emerged and was spreading east from British Columbia. In it the triplets are replaced with doublets, so it would be more like “O-oh sweet cheery, cheery, cheery”.

Like other sparrows, white-throated sparrows forage on or near the ground, eating mostly seeds, berries and insects. They love backyard bird feeders, especially millet and sunflower seed. In the breeding season, they eat more insects, including damselflies, ants, wasps, beetles, flies, caterpillars, spiders and snails. In the winter they eat mainly seeds, berries and grasses.

Males usually return to the summer breeding grounds first. They seek out and defend territories by singing before the females arrive.

White-throated sparrow pairs sometimes consist of one white-striped form and one tan-striped form; each forms have different reproductive strategies. Tan-striped males help raise their chicks and defend their mates from other males, while white-striped males try to mate with as many females as possible, without helping much (or at all) with parental care. Tan-striped females similarly stick close to home, while white-striped females seek out extra-pair mates and lay their eggs in another birds’ nest.

They typically nest on or near the ground. The females build the nests, working mainly in the mornings. She finds a shallow natural bowl in the ground and builds up the sides with moss and with grass, wood chips, pine needles and twigs. She lines it with fine grasses, rootlets, and mammal fur.

The female lays one to six eggs, which hatch in 11 to 14 days. The chicks fledge 7 to 12 days later.