Yellow-breasted chat

Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Icteridae
Genus and Species: Icteria virens
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Yellow-breasted chat
The yellow-breasted chat is a large North American songbird that migrates seasonally. Despite their bright coloring, they are often hard to spot, since they spend much of their time among thick tangles of vegetation. 
Physical Description
Adult yellow-breasted chats have bright yellow chests and throats, with olive-green coloring on their backs and the tops of their heads and a white lower belly. They also have large, white rings around their eyes, with a black stripe across the face that connects to their thick bill. Because of their overall large size, they look something like a cross between a warbler and a mockingbird. 
Size
Adults are between 6.7 to 7.5 inches (17 to 19.1 centimeters) long, with a wingspan of 9.1 to 10.6 inches (23 to 27 centimeters). They weigh 0.7 to 1.2 ounces (20 and 34 grams), about the weight of a pencil.
Native Habitat
Areas with lots of dense, brushy vegetation. Forest edges and abandoned farm fields are common habitats. In the winter months, they are often found near coastal lowlands.
Communication
Yellow-breasted chats communicate with each other by singing a jumbled mix of vocalizations that includes cackles, chirps and whistles. They can also mimic the calls of other birds, which they incorporate into their songs.
Food/Eating Habits

Yellow-breasted chats mainly eat insects, which they search for among the leaves of thickets and bushes. They also eat fruits and berries when available. Unlike many songbirds, they will hold their food in their feet before eating it.

Social Structure
These birds are often alone, except when paired with a mate during the nesting season. Unlike many migratory birds, they do not join feeding flocks, preferring to forage for food along their migration route by themselves. 
Reproduction and Development

During the breeding season, male yellow-breasted chats will choose a high perch and sing a series of clucks, cackles and squawks, which they use to attract potential mates and defend their territory from other males. They have a somewhat awkward-looking flight display where they flap their wings slowly and hover with their legs dangling downward while singing.

After mating, females build bulky, cup-shaped nests in thick tangles of shrubbery. They lay clutches of between three and six eggs that are creamy white with brown spots. Females incubate the eggs for about 11 days before hatching. Chicks are nurtured by both parents and need about eight days' worth of parental care and feeding before they are ready to leave the nest.

Yellow-breasted chats will vigorously defend their nests from potential threats. As such, they are at a lower risk for nest parasitism from the brown cowbird than other types of songbirds who share their range.

Lifespan
Up to 12 years, but typically one to two years.
Yellow-breasted chat populations are declining in the eastern United States. Habitat loss and degradation (mostly due to deforestation and urban development) threatens their survival.
Help this Species
  • Be a smart consumer. Choose products made with sustainable ingredients, such as Smithsonian certified Bird Friendly coffees, which support farmers striving to limit their impact on wildlife and habitat.
  • Practice ecotourism by being an advocate for the environment when you’re on vacation. During your travels, support, visit or volunteer with organizations that protect wildlife. Shop smart too! Avoid buying products made from animals, which could support poaching and the illegal wildlife trade.
  • Be a responsible cat owner, and keep cats indoors or under restraint when outside. Never release animals that have been kept as pets into the wild.
  • Conservation starts with you! Join a citizen science project, such as FrogWatch or Neighborhood Nestwatch, where you can help collect valuable data for scientists. Encourage your friends and family to get involved too.
  • Protect local waterways by using fewer pesticides when caring for your garden or lawn. Using fertilizers sparingly, keeping storm drains free of litter and picking up after your pet can also improve watershed health.
  • Plant native flowers in your garden to help feed resident and migrating pollinators. You'll make your lawn beautiful and help wildlife at the same time!
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